Search results for " expertise"
showing 10 items of 65 documents
Oxidation in wine: Does expertise influence the perception?
2019
International audience; Wines can develop off-odours that depreciate their quality. Among them, oxidation is one of the most prevalent. The main objective of this work was to study the perception of wine oxidation through the categorization of oxidized wines perceived as not-faulty/faulty depending on the expertise of participants. For this purpose, one white wine and one red wine were spiked with three volatile oxidation compounds (acetaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and methional) in order to recreate twelve levels of oxidation in a controlled way. Samples were submitted to orthonasal tasting for being categorized by wine experts and novices and coupled to a free description task. Results de…
The Active Inference Approach to Ecological Perception: General Information Dynamics for Natural and Artificial Embodied Cognition
2018
The emerging neurocomputational vision of humans as embodied, ecologically embedded, social agents – who shape and are shaped by their environment – offers a golden opportunity to revisit and revise ideas about the physical and information-theoretic underpinnings of life, mind, and consciousness itself. In particular, the active inference framework (AIF) makes it possible to bridge connections from computational neuroscience and robotics/AI to ecological psychology and phenomenology, revealing common underpinnings and overcoming key limitations. AIF opposes the mechanistic to the reductive, while staying fully grounded in a naturalistic and information theoretic foundation, using the princi…
Adaptive Number Knowledge in Secondary School Students: Profiles and Antecedents
2019
Cited By :1 Export Date: 10 February 2021 Correspondence Address: McMullen, J.; Department of Teacher EducationFinland; email: jake.mcmullen@utu.fi The present study aims to examine inter-individual differences in adaptive number knowledge in secondary school students. Adaptive number knowledge is defined as a well-connected network of knowledge of numerical characteristics and arithmetic relations. Substantial and relevant qualitative differences in the strategies and expression of adaptive number knowledge have been found in primary school students still in the process of learning arithmetic. We present a study involving 879 seventh-grade students that examines the structure of individual…
Independence, Expertise and Experience of Audit Committees: Some Aspects of Indian Corporate Sector
2013
The current study is based on the review of literature to analyses how independence, expertise and experience of audit committees can influence the quality of financial reporting. After studying a vast and diverse range of literature pertaining to the audit committees and governance issues, an effort has been made through this study to demonstrate several aspects of independence of audit committee, for example, informativeness, CEO’s power, frequency of meetings, substitutability and complementarity with alternative corporate governance mechanisms, directors’ share ownership, earning management etc. Similarly a wide range of literature based on utility of financial and accounting knowhow an…
Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening.
2015
Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller, & Friederici, 2006). However, the majority of these studies have not accounted for the effect of musical expertise, despite increasing evidence of structural and functional differences between musicians and nonmusicians, particularly in the regions…
Modifying auditory perception with prisms? Aftereffects of prism adaptation on a wide auditory spectrum in musicians and nonmusicians
2021
Prism adaptation consists of pointing to visual targets while wearing prisms that shift the visual field laterally. The aftereffects are not restricted to sensorimotor level but extend to spatial cognition. There is a link between spatial representation and auditory frequency, with an association of low frequencies on the left side and high frequencies on the right side of space. The present study aimed first at evaluating the representation of auditory frequencies on a wide range of frequencies in musicians and nonmusicians. We used the ‘auditory interval bisection judgment’ within three auditory intervals. The results showed a pseudoneglect behavior in pretest in musicians and nonmusician…
Ambiguity in legal language: its diagnosis and interpretation through forensic linguistics
2017
Como variante diastrática derivada del lenguaje general, el lenguaje jurídico experimenta en muchos casos problemas de interpretación similares a los de la lengua estándar: por su naturaleza específica, surgen no pocas veces dudas en cuanto a la percepción del significado preciso de un determinado texto (o fragmento de texto). Ante este problema se hace prioritaria la necesidad de recurrir al asesoramiento de peritos o expertos en diversas áreas de conocimiento relacionadas con dicho problema, uno de los cuales debería ser el perito lingüista, cuya actividad se desarrolla en el marco de la denominada lingüística forense. Planteada así la disyuntiva de interpretación, si la cuestión radica e…
Neutral experts or passionate participants? Renegotiating expertise and the right to act in Finnish participatory social policy
2018
This article examines a case of participatory social policy in which former beneficiaries were invited as ‘experts-by-experience’ into Finnish social welfare organisations. It combines a governmentality perspective with the analytical tools of the sociology of engagements to explore as what the projects’ participants are engaged, and how the differing demands made on their ways of being are made to appear as legitimate. The article shows how different definitions of expertise are used to steer the participants’ forms of engagement, and how these definitions appear valid only within a specific frame of justifying civic participation. It concludes that the participants’ expertise is defined i…
A Finnish viewpoint on professionalism in early childhood education
2008
ABSTRACT This article discusses professionalism in early childhood education through the analytical tool of a research‐based multi‐level perspective that sees this as a cultural, communal, organisational, and individual phenomenon. Starting from an understanding of professionalism derived from a model of professional expertise, the article discusses the Finnish day‐care context at the social and cultural level, followed by a discussion of field‐specific knowledge as a tool for building professionalism. Professionalism is further examined as it plays out in the employees’ working environment, the day‐care centre and its working culture and from the perspective of the professionals themselves…
Exploring the construction of professional expertise in HRD: analysis of four HR developers’ work histories and career stories
2002
Explores the construction of professional expertise in HRD work through the examination of the careers of four individual HR developers who are employed as full‐time HRD personnel in various work organisations and already possess considerable experience of HRD work. A narrative approach to the development of professional expertise was applied and the building materials for professional expertise in HRD work retrospectively extracted from the developers’ formal work histories and career stories. The empirical data used consist of interviews with 20 full‐time HR developers working in large enterprises and governmental organisations in Finland. The present analysis is based on four career stor…